What is ASCI, and is the Code law?
The book says ASCI was set up in 1985. It calls ASCI a voluntary self-regulation council and a not-for-profit company. It says ASCI is not a government body and does not make rules for the public or for industries (Introduction).
The Code asks ads to be "legal, decent, honest and truthful", not hazardous or harmful, and fair to competitors (Introduction). The book also says the Code is not in competition with the law. It says the Code is meant to complement legal controls, and that other laws can decide what an ad may say (The Code and the Law).
So the Code is self-regulation. The text we read lists no fines. It does show where other bodies and texts have recognised the Code, which we list next.
Where does the book say the Code is recognised?
This is what ASCI prints about itself. We did not open the underlying documents, so treat these as ASCI's statements.
- The Cable Television Networks Rules, 1994: Rule 7(9), as substituted by G.S.R. 459(E) dated 2 August 2006, says no ad that breaks the ASCI Code may be carried in the cable service (The Code and the Law).
- The recognition pages of the book also name the Press Council of India's Norms of Journalistic Conduct, 2010 Edition, and the insurance regulator's adherence provision, among others.
- The book says the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India signed an MoU with ASCI in April 2016. It says the Ministry of AYUSH did so in January 2017.
- The book says a Supreme Court judgment of 12 January 2017 affirmed the self-regulatory mechanism for ad content.
The four chapters in plain words
- Chapter I, truthful and honest representation (from p. 09). Claims must be truthful and capable of proof. Ads must not mislead by omission or exaggeration. Obvious jokes and hyperbole are allowed if no one would read them as literal (1.6).
- Chapter II, non-offensive to the public (from p. 12). Nothing indecent, vulgar or repulsive that is likely to cause grave and widespread offence. The text singles out the depiction of women.
- Chapter III, against harmful products, services and situations (from p. 13). No ads that incite crime, or deride people on grounds such as caste, religion or gender (3.1). Care with children (3.2). Nothing against the law, and no hiding a restricted product behind another (3.4 to 3.6). Our guide on surrogate advertising covers that last part.
- Chapter IV, fair in competition (from p. 15). Comparisons are allowed if they are clear and factual (4.1). No unjustified use of another firm's name (4.2). No copying an earlier ad so closely that it suggests plagiarism (4.3).
The Definitions section (p. 06) says an advertisement is a paid-for communication meant to promote goods or services. It also covers a communication that people may not recognise as an ad, if it is paid for, owned or authorised by the advertiser or its agency. Writing on packaging is treated like any ad. Children means people below 12 years.
Who is an influencer, and what is a material connection?
The influencer guidelines (from p. 44) define an influencer as someone with access to an audience and the power to affect its buying decisions or opinions. A virtual influencer is a computer-generated person or avatar that behaves like one.
A material connection is any link between advertiser and influencer that may affect the weight or credibility of what the influencer says. The book lists money, free products with or without conditions, products sent unasked, and discounts. It also lists gifts, contest entries, trips, hotel stays, media barters, coverage, awards, and family or employment ties.
Guideline 1.1 says a label is needed with any material connection. It adds that an influencer who got a free item and then mentions it must label the post, even if nobody asked for the mention. It says a label is needed even when the opinion is unbiased. If there is no material connection and the person likes something they bought, the text says it is not an ad and needs no label.
For how creators work with brands, see our influencer marketing service.
Where must the disclosure label sit?
Guideline 1.2 says the label must be upfront and prominent, so an average consumer does not miss it. The book says a label is likely to be missed in these places:
- only on an About Me page, a profile or a bio;
- at the end of a post or video;
- anywhere a person must click more to see it;
- inside a block of hashtags or links.
For a picture or video with no text, such as a story, the label goes over the picture or video. Its time on screen depends on the video length (guideline 1.2):
- A video of 15 seconds or less: at least 3 seconds.
- A video longer than 15 seconds and shorter than 2 minutes: one third of its length.
- A video of 2 minutes or more: through the whole section where the brand or its features are mentioned.
- A live stream: announce the label at the start and at the end. If the post stays visible later, add the label to the text or caption.
- Audio: announce it at the start, at the end, and before and after every break.
Guideline 1.3 lists the allowed words: Advertisement, Ad, Sponsored, Collaboration, Partnership, Employee, Free Gift, Affiliate, or a platform disclosure tool made for this purpose. Any one or more can be used. The label should be in English or in the language of the ad, so that an average consumer understands it. Chapter I, 1.8 has a similar but shorter list for posts on media companies' own handles.
Who is responsible: the advertiser, the agency or the influencer?
We checked what each part of the text says.
- The Code, Responsibility section: responsibility lies with all who commission, create, place or publish an ad, or help to do so. Advertisers, agencies and media are expected not to run an ad that breaks the Code.
- Influencer guidelines, 1.5: responsibility for the label and for the content of the ad sits with the advertiser and also with the influencer. The influencer is responsible for making the required disclosures. Where the advertiser has a material connection, it must ensure the post follows the Code. Where needed, it must ask the influencer to delete or edit the ad or the label.
- Influencer guidelines, 2: influencers are advised to satisfy themselves that the advertiser can substantiate the claims.
- Chapter I, 1.1: advertisers and agencies must produce proof for claims when ASCI asks.
- Celebrities guidelines, (b): it is the duty of the advertiser and the agency to make sure the celebrity is made aware of the Code.
The influencer guidelines do not name the agency in guideline 1.5. The text does not say how duties split between a brand and its agency in a creator campaign. Settle that in your contract.
Virtual influencers, and health and finance influencers
Guideline 1.4 says a virtual influencer must also tell people that they are not dealing with a real human being. The disclosure must be upfront and prominent.
Addendum II, dated 6 March 2025, covers banking, financial services and insurance, and health and nutrition. Such influencers must hold suitable qualifications and state them upfront. For stock or investment advice, the text says they should be registered with SEBI and show the registration number. For other financial advice it names qualifications such as an IRDAI insurance licence, CA or CS. For health, it names a medical degree or a certified nurse, nutritionist, dietician, physiotherapist or psychologist, depending on the advice. People without these can share general information that is not technical advice. They must give proof of qualifications if ASCI asks.
Addendum I, dated 15 July 2021, says that if someone argues a post is not an ad because there is no material connection, ASCI needs proof. That proof is a signed declaration from a senior person at the advertiser, or, when the advertiser cannot be traced, the influencer's proof of purchase.
Disclaimers
The disclaimers guidelines (from p. 27, dated 13 July 2023) say a disclaimer can expand, clarify or qualify a claim. It should not contradict the claim or change the plain meaning of its words. It should not hide material information. It should not try to correct a misleading claim. If you write terms and conditions apply, say where the terms can be read.
The guidelines also set legibility rules. A disclaimer should be in the same language as the claim and not in italics. In video, the disclaimer should have no more than two full lines and stay on screen for at least 4 seconds for every line. They give minimum text heights for TV and video, and minimum point sizes for print and hoardings. Read guideline 4 and the lists after it for your medium.
Celebrities
The celebrities guidelines (from p. 37) define a celebrity as a famous person from entertainment or sport. A doctor, author, activist or educationist can also be one. The person is paid Rs 40 lakh or more a year for ads, or has 500,000 or more followers on a single handle. A celebrity's views must be genuine and reasonably current. They must rest on real experience of the product. The celebrity should do due diligence on the claims, and the guideline asks for a signed written confirmation to ASCI. A celebrity can also seek Endorser Due Diligence from ASCI, as guideline (g) describes.
Awards and rankings
The awards and rankings guidelines (from p. 39) apply to all categories. Awards and rankings should come from credible, independent bodies with an ethical process. They are not a substitute for tests that prove a performance claim (guideline 1). Your ad should name the organisation and give the month and year (2). For an annual award, the award should be no more than 12 months older than the ad (3).
- Get written permission from the body that gave the award (4).
- Photos of the trophy or the event are not enough proof on their own (5).
- A city or state result cannot be stretched to a whole country, and a result in one category cannot be used in another (6).
- The advertiser must give an undertaking that there is no commercial relationship or conflict of interest, and no direct or indirect payment to the body (7).
- On a complaint, the advertiser must show the criteria and the process. Schools, colleges and health providers have extra points (8 to 10).
Food and beverage ads
The food and beverage guidelines (from p. 22, dated 1 February 2013) have nine points. Ads must not mislead. Claims of health or nutrition need scientific evidence and must meet the food standards laws that apply (2). Ads must not encourage excess or inappropriately large portions (4). Claims must match the label or packaging (8). An ad must not claim or imply endorsement by a government agency or professional body. The exception needs four things: prior consent, a current claim, a claim that can be verified, and the body named (9).
Education ads
The education guidelines (from p. 24, dated 9 March 2023) cover institutions, programmes and platforms. An ad must not suggest a course is recognised, approved or affiliated unless the advertiser can prove it (1). A guarantee of rank, marks or a job needs substantiation and a disclaimer in a font no smaller than the claim (3). Claims of 100 per cent on abstract matters, such as placement assistance, are not allowed (4). Placement, pay, rank and similar claims must come from the latest completed academic year and be backed by evidence (5a). A placement claim must also state the total number of students in that class (5e).
Green claims
The green claims guidelines (from p. 63, effective 15 February 2024) say absolute claims such as eco-friendly, sustainable or planet friendly need strong data or credible accreditation. The text says a disclaimer, QR code or website link cannot dilute such a claim (1). A comparison like greener needs evidence and a clear basis (2). A general claim must rest on the full life cycle, or say what it covers (3 and 4). Claims about compostable, biodegradable or recyclable need competent scientific evidence (10). Aspirational claims about future goals need clear and actionable plans (8).
Deceptive design patterns
The guidelines on deceptive design patterns (from p. 58, dated 11 May 2023, applicable from 1 September 2023) cover advertising in digital media, including apps and websites of e-commerce, airline and food delivery firms. Four patterns are named:
- Drip pricing: quoted prices must include non-optional taxes, duties, fees and charges that apply to all or most buyers.
- Bait and switch: an ad must not imply one outcome and then deliver another, for example a higher price or a changed meaning of a close button.
- False urgency: stock or seat messages must not suggest more scarcity than exists. The advertiser must show the stock position on a complaint.
- Disguised ads: an ad that looks like editorial or organic content must say it is an ad. The text names influencer posts and paid reviews.
Labelling AI-made content
The guideline on synthetically generated content (from p. 67) is dated 17 September 2026. The text says it takes effect on the expiry of three months from its publication. The text does not give an exact start date, so check with ASCI.
It defines such content as audio or visual material made or materially altered by a computer so that it looks real. The focus is on outcomes for consumers, not on the technology.
- Prohibited even with a label: fake endorsements or testimonials, exaggerated results, non-existent places shown as real, and unauthorised copyright work, deepfakes or a person's likeness without consent.
- Label mandatory where the content materially influences consumers and no label would mislead. Examples in the text: AI-made influencers, and a real person's likeness or voice in personalised messages, even with consent. Others are a product that does not yet exist, and paid AI product suggestions, which should read Sponsored by the brand.
- No label needed for minor edits, decorative backgrounds, obvious fantasy, copy writing in good faith, and accessibility aids such as captions.
Labels can be platform labels or your own, such as Audio or Video created using AI. Disclaimers should follow the ASCI disclaimer guideline.
What happens after a complaint?
This comes from ASCI's How we handle complaints page. The page carries no date, only a 2026 copyright line, and we read it on 22 October 2026.
- Complaints can come from the public, consumer groups, the government or industry. ASCI can also act on its own.
- ASCI does not accept anonymous complaints. It checks that the complaint is about ad content.
- ASCI writes to the advertiser for a reply within a specified time frame. The page gives no number of days.
- Technical data goes to an expert panel before the Consumer Complaints Council deliberates and sends its recommendation to both sides.
- All recommendations are a public record. If an ad is found in breach, the advertiser must modify or withdraw it within a stipulated time. The page does not state that time.
ASCI also keeps a Non-compliant page. Its status line reads as of 5 October 2026. It lists influencers and brands that did not comply with disclosure label requirements after ASCI asked them to. We read the first part of that page only. The page text we read does not say what happens next.
Slips we watch for
This is our method. It is a list of things we look for when we check an ad or a creator post. It is not a list of past cases.
- The label sits under more, in the bio or inside a pile of hashtags.
- A free product or discount was given, and the post is treated as an ordinary review.
- A headline claim is made, and the footnote says the opposite or limits it to a small group.
- An absolute word like eco-friendly is explained away with a QR code.
- An award is shown with no month and year, or it is older than the 12 month window, or the brand paid the body.
- A price is shown without fees that most buyers must pay.
- A limited stock message runs with no check of the real stock.
- An AI face or voice is used as a testimonial from a real person.
- The disclaimer is in English while the claim is in another language.
- The creator brief covers the deadline and fee, but not the rules, the label or who can order an edit.
- Nobody keeps the proof file, so a request for substantiation takes days to answer.
When to ask a lawyer or company secretary
Ask before you act on anything that is not plain. Ask about a health, finance or insurance campaign and a claim that needs a licence or approval. Ask about creator contracts with duties on both sides, a notice from ASCI or a regulator, and any use of a person's likeness or voice. This guide covers the ASCI Code Book only. We read no statute and no platform rules for it, and we say nothing about them. The Code and the law are separate, as the book itself says.
This is general information, not legal advice. For your case, speak to a lawyer. This guide explains official text in plain words. Last checked: 22 October 2026.












































